食物碗与听诊器图标

治疗性营养

关于具有营养敏感健康状况的猫犬的需求的实用信息。

胃肠道疾病

犬食物反应性肠病(腹泻)

食物反应性肠病是犬最常见的慢性肠病之一,有些患犬会表现出不良食物反应(即食物过敏和食物不耐受),还有些患犬会表现出能通过不同饮食特性得到改善的肠道炎症。1 食物反应性肠病的特征是持续或间歇性胃肠道 (GI) 临床症状持续 3 周或更长时间,并且不存在其他病因(例如饮食失调、寄生虫、已发现的肠道病原体或肿瘤)以及非胃肠道疾病。2,3 

犬肠道青色图标


与免疫抑制剂反应性肠病患犬相比,食物反应性肠病患犬更可能更年幼,临床症状更轻,且更多地表现出大肠性腹泻。4─6 

由于许多具有慢性特发性胃肠道症状的患犬对饮食改变反应良好,因此通常建议在内窥镜检查之前对有轻度或中度症状的患犬进行排除饮食试验,除非存在负面预后因素(例如,低白蛋白血症、低钴胺素血症、高临床活动指数评分)。1,2,4,7,8 

营养干预的目的是提供全面均衡的饮食,避免已知的过敏原或导致不良食物反应的成分,以及缓解或尽量减轻临床症状。

你知道吗?

 

排除饮食法已被证实是诊断和治疗食物反应性肠病的最有效方法。6

重要信息


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饮食历史筛查记录表

这份简短的饮食历史筛查记录表是一份简单实用的文档,可帮助客户提供有关宠物饮食的重要信息。

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如何鼓励挑食的宠物进食

宠物挑食、挑剔或者对食物不感兴趣是颇具挑战性的难题。

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犬身体状况系统表

Purina 犬身体状况评分系统的视觉辅助工具。

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宠物食物过敏和食物不耐受

“食物过敏”和“食物不耐受”这两个术语 经常互换使用,但它们其实并不相同,那么 这二者有何区别,又该如何诊断和处理呢?

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更换宠物食品 - 狗

逐渐过渡到新的饮食可以最大程度地降低肠胃不适的风险。

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参考文献

  1. Gaschen, F. P., & Merchant, S. R. (2011).Adverse food reactions in dogs and cats.Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 41(2), 361─379. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2011.02.005
  2. Dandrieux, J. R. S., & Mansfield, C. S. (2019).Chronic enteropathy in canines: Prevalence, impact and management strategies.Veterinary Medicine: Research and Reports, 10, 203─214. doi: 10.2147/VMRR.S162774
  3. Jergens, A. E., & Simpson, K. W. (2012).Inflammatory bowel disease in veterinary medicine.Frontiers in Bioscience-Elite, 4(4), 1404─1419. doi: 10.2741/470
  4. Allenspach, K., Wieland, B., Gröne, A., & Gaschen, F. (2007).Chronic enteropathies in dogs: Evaluation of risk factors for negative outcome.Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 21(4), 700─708. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.tb03011.x
  5. Allenspach, K., Culverwell, C., & Chan, D. (2016).Long-term outcome in dogs with chronic enteropathies: 203 cases.Veterinary Record, 178(15), 368. doi: 10.1136/vr.103557
  6. Volkmann, M., Steiner, J. M., Fosgate, G. T., Zentek, J., Hartmann, S., & Kohn, B. (2017).Chronic diarrhea in dogsꟷRetrospective study in 136 cases.Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 31(4), 1043─1055. doi: 10.1111/jvim.2017.31.issue-4
  7. Dandrieux, J. R. S. (2016).Inflammatory bowel disease versus chronic enteropathy in dogs: Are they one and the same? Journal of Small Animal Practice, 57(11), 589─599. doi: 10.1111/jsap.12588
  8. Mandigers, P. J., Biourge, V., van den Ingh, T. S., Ankringa, N., & German, A. J. (2010). A randomized, open-label, positively-controlled field trial of a hydrolyzed protein diet in dogs with chronic small bowel enteropathy. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 24(6), 1350─1357. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0632.x
  9. Makielski, K., Cullen, J., O’Connor, A., & Jergens, A. E. (2019).Narrative review of therapies for chronic enteropathies in dogs and cats.Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 33(1), 11─22. doi: 10.1111/jvim.15345
  10. Lenox, C. E. (2021).Nutritional management of dogs and cats with gastrointestinal diseases.Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 51(3), 669─684. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2021.01.006
  11. Marks, S., Laflamme, D. P., & McAloose, D. (2002).Dietary trial using a commercial hypoallergenic diet containing hydrolyzed protein for dogs with inflammatory bowel disease.Veterinary Therapeutics: Research in Applied Veterinary Medicine, 3(2), 109─118.
  12. Procoli, F. (2020).Inflammatory bowel disease, food-responsive, antibiotic-responsive diarrhoea, protein losing enteropathy: Acronyms, clinical staging, and treatment of chronic inflammatory enteropathy in dogs. Advances in Small Animal Care, 1, 127─141. doi: 10.1016/j.yasa.2020.07.010
  13. Simpson, K. W., & Jergens, A. E. (2011).Pitfalls and progress in the diagnosis and management of canine inflammatory bowel disease.Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 41(2), 381─398. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2011.02.003
  14. Rudinsky, A. J., Rowe, J. C., & Parker, V. J. (2018).Nutritional management of chronic enteropathies in dogs and cats.Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 253(5), 570─578. doi: 10.2460/javma.253.5.570
  15. Zoran, D. L. (2017).Nutritional management of gastrointestinal disease.In S. J. Ettinger, E. C. Feldman & E. Côté (Eds.), Textbook of veterinary internal medicine: Diseases of the dog and the cat (8th ed., pp. 1892─1899).Elsevier.
  16. Mueller, R. S., Olivry, T., & Prélaud, P. (2016). Critically appraised topic on adverse food reactions of companion animals (2): Common food allergen sources in dogs and cats. BMC Veterinary Research, 12, Article 9. doi: 10.1186/s12917-016-0633-8
  17. Verlinden, A., Hesta, M., Millet, S., & Janssens, G. P. (2006). Food allergy in dogs and cats: A review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 46(3), 259─273. doi: 10.1080/10408390591001117
  18. Craig, J. M. (2019). Food intolerance in dogs and cats. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 60(2), 77─85. doi: 10.1111/jsap.12959
  19. Leib, M. (2000). Treatment of chronic idiopathic large bowel diarrhea in dogs with a highly digestible diet and soluble fiber: A retrospective review of 37 cases. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 14(1), 27─32. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2000.tb01495.x
  20. Cave, N. (2012).Nutritional management of gastrointestinal diseases.In A. J. Fascetti & S. J. Delaney (Eds.), Applied veterinary clinical nutrition (pp. 175─220).John Wiley & Sons.