其中许多细菌是有益的,但有些可能是致病的。统称为微生物群。生活在肠道中的微生物数量以万亿计——肠道中的微生物细胞数量与整个身体中的细胞数量相当。1
这些常驻微生物(或共生细菌)可在能量调节、矿物质吸收、维生素合成、肠道屏障功能和免疫系统功能方面发挥作用。它们还能提供抵抗病原体的屏障,并帮助滋养肠道。
益生菌是有助于维持肠道细菌最佳平衡的活体微生物。维持肠道细菌种群的多样性和平衡对健康至关重要。微生物群失衡可能会导致粪便质量较差和免疫系统功能受损。肠道微生物群的组成在很大程度上受饮食的影响,但各种各样的因素均可能改变有益物种和致病物种之间的平衡,并对宠物健康产生不利影响。
益生菌就是营养干预的一个例子,它可以通过各种机制帮助将微生物群向更有益的菌种转变。2
肠道的微生物定植首先受到母体微生物组、环境和营养的影响。随着年龄、疾病、医疗和其他应激源的增加,肠道中细菌的平衡会向较大的潜在致病菌种群转移。营养干预提供了使这种平衡正常化的机会。3–5
近年来,益生菌已成为一种安全、新颖的维持健康肠道微生物群、从而促进宠物健康的方式。益生菌的技术性定义为:“当给予足够的量时能够为宿主带来健康益处的活体微生物。” 一些益生菌有助于增强免疫反应,而另一些则刺激抗炎物质的产生。益生菌可用于应对腹泻和其他胃肠道问题,并已在牙齿健康等不同领域显示出前景。6
有效的益生菌应具备以下特征:
益生菌的益处在很大程度上取决于能够在胃肠道短暂定植的活菌数量。益生菌通过竞争性排斥病原体来实现这一点,这可以通过以下几种方式来实现:
几种益生菌可用于宠物,但很少被证明是有效的。除了符合有效益生菌的所有标准外,还必须进行稳定性研究,以确定该益生菌(活微生物)在典型的生产、运输和储存条件下仍能存活。Purina 已在该领域进行了广泛的研究,并在这些研究的基础上开发了有效且安全的益生菌。
益生菌具有极强的菌株特异性,同一物种的不同菌株可能具有非常不同的作用。益生菌也具有剂量依赖性,因此需要进行临床研究,以确定特定细菌菌株的正确需求量。
SF68 是粪肠球菌的一种菌株,已证明其具有以下作用:
Michael Lappin 博士谈论了他在粪肠球菌 SF68 益生菌领域的工作。
这个链接指向一个英文视频,没有[中文]翻译。
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