
认识 BENNY
一只已绝育的 5 岁雄性吉娃娃
- Benny 被送来诊所进行常规体格检查和疫苗接种。
- Benny 食用 ½ 杯的高质量干犬粮并分两餐进食。它每天还会获得一些小零食。虽然 Benny 未进食餐桌食物,但它偶尔会获得一小块它喜欢吃的西瓜。
- Benny 体重 4.1 千克(9 磅),身体状况评分为 5/9,肌肉质量正常。
- 经检查发现,Benny 表现得活泼、警觉且反应灵敏。它没有咳嗽或喘鸣,肺音正常。听诊时,左心尖部可听到 III/VI 级收缩期杂音。心率和心律均正常。Benny 的其余检查结果均无异常。

心血管疾病
犬充血性心力衰竭 (CHF)
心力衰竭是指心脏无法再充分补偿心脏疾病引起的变化时出现的临床症状,例如肺部或腹部积液。
一旦犬出现充血性心力衰竭,根据美国兽医内科学会 (ACVIM) 指南、心脏病学研究和饮食史提出的营养建议可以帮助管理心脏健康。
重要信息
CHF 患犬的营养建议包括:
- 考虑到临床症状和患宠反应,适度限钠有助于控制水肿和充血。1-3
- 过量限钠可能会导致不良反应,包括肾素-血管收缩素-血醛固酮系统过度激活。
- 少盐饮食通常适口性较差,而保持食欲和瘦体重也很重要。
- 补充 Omega-3 脂肪酸(例如 DHA 和 EPA)可能有助于减少炎症介质和氧化应激,稳定心律失常,降低血压和减少心脏重塑。Omega-3 还可能有助于预防恶液质,这是 CHF 患犬经常发生的肌肉萎缩症状。4-6
- 监测钾和镁的水平。
- 心脏药物可能导致钾过量或缺乏。
- 镁在健康心脏功能中起着许多作用,包括抗心律失常和抗氧化作用,而低镁血症也与人类患者心力衰竭风险增加有关。7
- 维持蛋白质和卡路里摄入量,以避免体重下降。1
- 维生素 C 和 E 等抗氧化剂有助于预防活性氧造成的损伤,而这种损伤在 CHF 患犬中呈增加趋势。8,9
详细的饮食史记录对于 CHF 患犬十分重要。
- 高钠食物和零食,或少量人类食物,可能会无意中给犬的饮食增加过量的钠。10
在某些易因扩张型心肌病 (DCM) 引起心力衰竭的犬种中,补充牛磺酸和/或肉碱可能有助于改善左心室大小和功能。 11-13
- 左旋肉碱心肌缺乏症与拳师犬和杜宾犬中的 DCM 存在关联。11,12
- 美国可卡犬和金毛犬较为容易出现牛磺酸缺乏。14,15


参考文献
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