避免接触猫可能无法消除过敏反应

避免接触猫可能无法消除过敏反应

避免猫可能无法消除过敏反应

对过敏患者最常见的建议是避免接触过敏原。

因此，医生和过敏症专科医生通常建议将猫从家中带走，或至少将猫带离家中的主要生活区。1,2

一些猫主人可能会重新安置或放弃养猫，而其他人可能会把他们的猫隔离在家中的一个房间里。虽然这在某些情况下可能有所帮助，但它不是首选或有保证的解决方案。将猫隔离在家里的一个地方，甚至完全避开猫，都可能无法消除过敏反应。

事实

将猫隔离到家中的一个区域可能会减少家中其他区域的过敏原，但过敏原仍会在家里的空气中和衣服等其他柔软的表面上自由扩散。

  • Fel d 1（猫的主要过敏原）的结构使其“具有粘性”，并将附着在衣服和其他物体表面，从而导致其扩散到周围环境中。2-9
  • Fel d 1 的体积很小，使其能够在空气中长时间传播，成为最容易吸入或在家中自由扩散的过敏原之一，甚至不受外界的干扰。2-4,8-10
  • 即使在没有猫的家里也可以找到 Fel d 1。研究表明，Fel d 1 可以通过衣服携带到学校、办公室和许多其他公共场所。1-4,9,11


 

一些主人可能会选择把他们的猫从家里带走，以减轻他们的过敏。但是，这可能无法防止过敏反应。

  • Fel d 1 水平可能需要数周的时间才能充分降低，如果将猫从家中带走，过敏症状可能无法立即缓解。12,13
  • 清洁的表面和柔软的材料（如毯子、沙发和地毯）以及过滤空气均有助于减少家中的猫过敏原。1,2,12,13


 

Fel d 1 很容易随皮屑和灰尘颗粒在空气中传播，并被动地转移到衣服上；2-4 因此，几乎所有地方都可以发现过敏原，包括学校、没有猫的家庭，公共交通和公共建筑，其水平可能会引发敏感个体的过敏。16,18-21

了解更多信息

  1. Dávila, I., Dominguez-Ortega, J., Navarro-Pulido, A., Alonso, A., Antolin-Amerigo, D., Gonzalez-Mancebo, E., Martin-Garcia, C., Nunez-Acevedo, B., Prior, N.,…Torrecillas, M. (2018). Consensus document on dog and cat allergy. Allergy, 73, 1206-1222. doi: 10.1111/all.13391
  2. Salo, P.M., Cohn, R.D., & Zeldin, D.C. (2018). Bedroom allergen exposure beyond house dust mites. Current Allergy and Asthma Reports, 18, 52. doi: 10.1007/s11882-018-0805-7 
  3. Bonnet, B., Messaoudi, K., Jacomet, F., Michaud, E. Fauquert, J.L., Caillaud, D., & Evrard, B. (2018). An update on molecular cat allergens: Fel d 1 and what else? Chapter 1: Fel d 1, the major cat allergen. Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, 14, 14. doi: 10.1186/s13223-018-0239-8 
  4. Zahradnik, E. & Raulf, M. (2017). Respiratory allergens from furred mammals: environmental and occupational exposure. Veterinary Sciences, 4, 38. doi: 10.3390/vetsci4030038 
  5. Grönlund, H., Saarne, T., Gafvelin, G. and van Hage, M. (2009). The Major Cat Allergen, Fel d 1, in Diagnosis and Therapy. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, 151, pp.265-274.
  6. Morgenstern, J.P., Griffith, I.J., Brauer, A.W., Rogers, B.L., Bond, J.F., Chapman, M.D. & Kuo, M.C. (1991). Amino acid sequence of Fel dI, the major allergen of the domestic cat: protein sequence analysis and cDNA cloning. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 88, 9690-9694.
  7. Duffort, O., Carreira, J., Nitti, G., Polo, F. & Lombardero, M (1991). Studies on the biochemical structure of the major cat allergen Felis domesticus I. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, 132, 1-12.
  8. Liccardi, G., D’Amato, G., Russo, M., Canonica, G., D’Amato, L., De Martino, M. & Passalacqua, G. (2003). Focus on Cat Allergen (Fel d 1): Immunological and aerodynamic characteristics, modality of airway sensitization and avoidance strategies. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, 132, 1-12.
  9. Luczynska, C., Li, Y., Chapman, M. & Platts-Mills, T. (1990). Airborne concentrations and particle size distribution of allergen derived from domestic cats (Felis domesticus). Measurements using cascade impactor, liquid impinger, and a two-site monoclonal antibody assay for Fel d I. American Review Respiratory Diseases, 141, 361-367.
  10. Black, K.R., Murphy, B., Filep, S., Brook, J., Subbarao, P., Turvey, S.,...Chapman, M.D. (2018). Comparison of Fel d 1 and Fel d4 levels in house dust samples from the Canadian CHILD birth cohort. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 141, AB7 (abstract number 20). 
  11. Kelly, L., Erwin, E. and Platts-Mills, T. (2012). The indoor air and asthma. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine, 18, 29-34.
  12. Wood, R.A., Chapman, M.D., Adkinson N.F. & Eggleston P.A. (1989). The effect of cat removal on allergen content in household-dust samples. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 83, 730-734.
  13. Custovic, A., Simpson, B.M., Simpson, A., Kissen, P. & Woodcock, A. (2001), Effect of environmental manipulation in pregnancy and early life on respiratory symptoms and atopy during first year of life: a randomized trial. Lancet, 358, 188-193.
  14. Bartholome, K., Kissler, W., Baer, H., Kopietz Schulte, E. & Wahn, U. (1985). Where does cat allergen 1 come from? Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  76, 503-506
  15. Dabrowski, A., Van der Brempt, X., Soler, M., Seguret, N., Lucciani, P., Charpin, D. & Vervloet, D. (1990). Cat skin as an important source of Fel d 1 allergen. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology,  86, 462-465.
  16. Liccardi, G., Calzetta, L., Baldi, G., Berra, A., Billeri, L., Caminati, M.,...Passalacqua, G. (2018). Allergic sensitization to common pets (cats/dogs) according to different possible modalities of exposure: an Italian Multicenter study. Clinical and Molecular Allergy, 16. doi: 10.1186/s12948-018-0081-z 
  17. Platts-Mills, T.A.E., Vervloet, D., Thomas, W.R., Aalberse, R.C., & Chapman, M.D. (1997). Indoor allergens and asthma: report of the Third International Workshop. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 100, S2-S24. doi: 10.1016/S0091-6749(97)70292-6 
  18. Almqvist, C., Larsson, P.H., Egmar, A.C., Hedren, M., Malmberg, P., & Wickman, M. (1999). School as a risk environment for children allergic to cats and a site for transfer of cat allergen to homes. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 103, 1012-1017.  
  19. Almqvist, C., Wickman, M., Perfetti, L., Berglind, N., Renstrom, A., Hedren, M., …Malmberg, P. (2001). Worsening of asthma in children allergic to cats, after indirect exposure to cat at school. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 163, 694-698.  
  20. Gulbahar, O., Sin, A., Mete, N., Kokuludag, A., Kirmaz, C. & Sebik, F. (2003). Sensitization to cat allergens in non-cat owner patients with respiratory allergy. Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, 90, 635-639.  
  21. Martin, I.R., Wickens, K., Patchett, K., Siebers, R., Lewis, S., Crane, J.,...Smith, S. (1998). Cat allergen levels in public places in New Zealand. New Zealand Medical Journal, 111, 356-358.