

心血管疾病
猫扩张型心肌病 (DCM)
虽然由牛磺酸缺乏引起的扩张型心肌病 (DCM) 曾经是猫科心脏病的常见诊断结果,但现在大多数市售猫粮都额外添加了牛磺酸,可帮助预防 DCM。然而,喂养非市售饮食的猫仍然存在牛磺酸缺乏的风险,并且某些 DCM 病例为特发性病例 - 猫心肌无力的确切原因尚不明确。1 营养有助于支持猫的心脏健康。
重要信息
- 对于猫来说,牛磺酸是一种必需氨基酸,可以从肉类、贝类或补充剂中获得。2
- 牛磺酸在维持心肌收缩力和稳定心脏细胞方面发挥关键作用,但在其他器官系统中也具有重要作用。
- 数十年前,研究人员发现牛磺酸缺乏与猫 DCM 的发展有关,于是市售猫粮中额外添加了牛磺酸。3,4
- 目前,DCM 占确诊的猫心肌病的 10% 左右。1
- 详细的饮食史记录对心脏病患猫十分重要。
- 不含肉的自制饮食或用牛磺酸含量较低的肉类(如鸡胸肉)制成的饮食可能会导致猫出现与牛磺酸缺乏相关的 DCM。1
- 不含肉的自制饮食或用牛磺酸含量较低的肉类(如鸡胸肉)制成的饮食可能会导致猫出现与牛磺酸缺乏相关的 DCM。1
- 支持心脏健康的其他营养素包括:
- Omega-3 脂肪酸(例如 DHA 和 EPA)可能有助于减少炎症介质和氧化应激,并减少心脏重塑。5,6
- 维生素 C 和 E 等抗氧化剂有助于预防活性氧造成的损伤。7
- 镁在支持健康心脏功能方面具有多种作用,包括抗心律失常和抗氧化作用。8


参考文献
- MacDonald, K. (2016). Feline cardiomyopathy. In F. W. K. Smith, Jr., L. P. Tilley, M. A. Oyama, & M. M. Sleeper (Eds.), Manual of canine and feline cardiology (5th ed., pp. 153–180). Elsevier.
- Sanderson, S. L. (2006). Taurine and carnitine in canine cardiomyopathy. The Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 36(6), 1325–1343. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2006.08.010
- Pion, P. D., Kittleson, M. D., Rogers, Q. R., & Morris, J. G. (1987). Myocardial failure in cats associated with low plasma taurine: A reversible cardiomyopathy. Science, 237(4816), 764–768. doi: 10.1126/science.3616607
- Pion, P. D., Kittleson, M. D., Thomas, W. P., Skiles, M. L., & Rogers, Q. R. (1992). Clinical findings in cats with dilated cardiomyopathy and relationship of findings to taurine deficiency. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 201(2), 267–274.
- Freeman, L. M., Rush, J. E., Kehayias, J. J., Ross, J. N., Jr., Meydani, S. N., Brown, D. J., Dolnikowski, G. G., Marmor, B. N., White, M. E., Dinarello, C. A., & Roubenoff, R. (1998). Nutritional alterations and the effect of fish oil supplementation in dogs with heart failure. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 12(6), 440–448. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1998.tb02148.x
- Freeman, L. M. (2010). Beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids in cardiovascular disease. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 51(9), 462–470.
- Pisoschi, A. M., Pop, A., Lordache, F., Stanca, L., Predoi, G., & Serban, A. I. (2021). Oxidative stress mitigation by antioxidants - An overview on their chemistry and influences on health status. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 209, 112891. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112891
- Del Gobbo, L. C., Imamura, F., Wu, J. H., de Oliveira Otto, M. C., Chiuve, S. E., & Mozaffarian, D. (2013). Circulating and dietary magnesium and risk of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 98(1), 160–173. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.053132
- Côté, E., Manning, A. M., Emerson, D., Laste, N. J., Malakoff, R. L., & Harpster, N. K. (2004). Assessment of the prevalence of heart murmurs in overtly healthy cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 225(3), 384–388. doi: 10.2460/javma.2004.225.384
- Wagner, T., Fuentes, V. L., Payne, J. R., McDermott, N., & Brodbelt, D. (2010). Comparison of auscultatory and echocardiographic findings in healthy adult cats. Journal of Veterinary Cardiology, 12(3), 171–182. doi: 10.1016/j.jvc.2010.05.003