Scientists’ understanding of the host-microbiome relationship has evolved substantially during the past 15 years, revealing a complex interplay among diet, host genetics, microbiota, and health.

Chronic enteropathy in dogs and cats is characterized by overlapping unspecific features that often result from persistent dysbiosis and irreversible changes in intestinal function. Learn why different patients respond differently to therapy.

An overview of immune complex-mediated glomerular diseases of dogs and cats, including glomerular anatomy, classification, causative agents, pathogenesis, diagnostics, and clinical implications.

Progression of chronic kidney disease in cats is multifactorial, poorly understood, and highly variable. Learn more about the eight factors that have been implicated in renal inflammation, fibrosis, and disease progression.

Explore the interplay between diet and the gut-associated immune system. From providing essential nutrients to modulating immune function, dietary interventions offer opportunities to optimize immune health and reduce immune-related disorders.

Arginine deficiency leads to severe metabolic abnormalities and immune dysfunction in human, feline, and canine patients. Learn about arginine deficiency syndrome, its consequences, and arginine replacement therapy in human medicine.

The gastrointestinal tract does more than digest food and absorb nutrients. It is the body’s largest immune organ and harbors an extensive microbial ecosystem. Here is a brief refresher on the intestinal immune system.

Normal immune and inflammatory responses are influenced by many factors, including aging and nutrition. Learn how specific nutrients can modify inflammatory and cell-mediated immune responses.

Learn how the relationship between the gastrointestinal tract and the kidneys, known as the gut-kidney axis, is relevant to a discussion of constipation and chronic kidney disease in cats.

Is feline idiopathic cystitis merely inflammation of the bladder urothelium? What is the etiology of the inflammation? Learn the answers to these questions and others, including how to help affected cats.

Expand your knowledge on how nutrition can be leveraged to modify inflammation and immunity.

An expert panel discusses how new research and evidence-based guidelines are changing approaches to management of diarrhea in dogs and cats.